Wanting to be a good dog owner is about 90% of it!

I recommend allowing your puppy to explore independently as much as possible (while under supervision of course). When he meets the cat, they will work it out the best between them. If the cat takes a swipe, it is unlikely to hurt the puppy, but the puppy sure won't bother him again soon. Don't make a big deal out of it for either of them. Probably try to make the cat feel secure if it hasn't suddenly remembered it has something important to do and stalked off
Dogs will learn quickly if you let them. Start socialising as soon as possible- your vet or breeder will know this as it is dependent on shots/immunisations etc. Dogs learn primarily by example. If you have a friend who has a well behaved dog, let them hang out so he can be confident around other dogs, which will lessen the likelihood of fear-based aggression. Designated dog parks where they can run off leash safe from cars are good.
Get him used to his name as soon as you can and work on 'sit', 'stay', 'come'. These are learned well through play. Also enforce discipline around food from the start. Make them sit before giving them dinner. Don't feed them at the table unless you are happy to have them begging all people for scraps for the rest of their life.
A really good exercise is to give them their bone or dinner, then after a while take it off them. Reward them for letting you take it by patting and praise, then give it back. This will stop them from getting possessive of bones and other items in the future. It recognises you as boss, and they will learn that even if you take it off them, they will get it back. Also if they get smelly breath, give them more fresh bones- it changes their digestive chemistry and chewing the bones is a natural way for them to remove plaque.
The more stimulation you provide, the less they are likely to engage in destructive behaviours down the track. I.e. I live with 3 ridgebacks. The 2 youngest are from the same litter and are around 3 1/2 years now. Up until around 2 years of age they were chewing so much it was a real problem (oh, the beautiful shoes I lost!). We started some more interactive games with them, putting them away then hiding dog biscuits around the yard. When we let them out we would let them smell the scent on our hands, point them in the right direction then off they would all bolt go to find them. It was enjoyable and rewarding for them, and hilarious for us to watch, and they stopped the chewing as they had better things to do!
I don't know at what age to start training (technically they start learning from their littermates from day one, hence why they must be kept together for a minimum 6 or 7 weeks), but I'm sure if you called an obedience school they could tell you more about formal training, and you could scout out some good prices and places with good reputations as well.
Also if you don't have a big yard (as in, acreage) give your dog as much exercise as you can. Daily is ideal, even if its only a short walk up and down the street. This will tire them out, helping them to sleep through the night, and allows them to indulge in their natural instincts of exploring, smelling and meeting people and dogs. Make sure you take some doggy bags as a walk normally gets things... ahem... moving. And a fit dog is a happy dog. Overweight dogs quickly develop health problems and their quality of life is generally hindered.
Also when training, avoid talking in a high pitch. Deeper voices are calmer and more authoritative to canine ears as a higher pitch sounds more distressed/hysterical. The more time they spend with you, the more they will become in tune to your natural pitch and changes to inflection and will act accordingly. Your voice and affection are both very effective tools in dog training.
A lot of it will come intuitively. Dogs and humans have been in partnership for tens of thousands of years.
Any other questions I am happy to help, and even a quick google search will churn up a lot of info. Check out yahoo answers for a lot of things you may not even have thought about.